代码随想录算法训练营第二十六天| 回溯算法

Posted by Zhuoqun on February 8, 2023

39. 组合总和

这道题连着做了三天,算是越来越熟了。其实稍微改一下就行。(是我昨天错做的那个版本)

class Solution {
public:
    vector<vector<int>> res;
    vector<int> path;
    void backtracking(vector<int> candidates, int sum, int target, int start_index){
        if(sum >= target){
            if(sum == target){
                res.push_back(path);
            }
            return ;
        }
        for(int i=start_index; i<candidates.size(); i++){
            sum = sum + candidates[i];
            path.push_back(candidates[i]);
            backtracking(candidates,sum,target,i);
            path.pop_back();
            sum = sum - candidates[i];
        }
    }
    vector<vector<int>> combinationSum(vector<int>& candidates, int target) {
        backtracking(candidates,0,target,0);
        return res;
    }
};

40.组合总和II

大概是理解了怎么去重的。自己没写出来。

主要的点是要分清什么时候是同一层 什么时候是同一支。只有当used[i-1]是false且当前数与之前数一样的时候,说明这是同一层,要不的话,他们只是同一支。

class Solution {
public:
    vector<vector<int>> res;
    vector<int> path;
    void backtracking(vector<int> candidates, int sum, int target, int start_index,vector<bool>used){
        if(sum == target){
            res.push_back(path);
            return ;   
        }
        
        for(int i=start_index; i<candidates.size() && sum+candidates[i]<=target; i++){
            if(i>0 && candidates[i-1]==candidates[i] && used[i-1]==false){
                continue;
            }
            
            sum = sum + candidates[i];
            path.push_back(candidates[i]);
            used[i]= true;
            backtracking(candidates,sum,target,i+1,used);
            path.pop_back();
            used[i] = false;
            sum = sum - candidates[i];
        }
    }
    vector<vector<int>> combinationSum2(vector<int>& candidates, int target) {
        sort(candidates.begin(),candidates.end());
        vector<bool> used(candidates.size(),false);
        backtracking(candidates,0,target,0,used);
        return res;
    }
};

或者是直接操作start_index,如果当前的i不是start_index,且i-1所指的值和当前i所指的值一样,那就直接跳过。

class Solution {
public:
    vector<vector<int>> res;
    vector<int> path;
    void backtracking(vector<int> candidates, int sum, int target, int start_index){
        if(sum == target){
            res.push_back(path);
            return ;   
        }
        
        for(int i=start_index; i<candidates.size() && sum+candidates[i]<=target; i++){
            if(start_index<i && candidates[i-1] == candidates[i]){
                continue;
            }
            
            sum = sum + candidates[i];
            path.push_back(candidates[i]);
            backtracking(candidates,sum,target,i+1);
            path.pop_back();
            sum = sum - candidates[i];
        }
    }
    vector<vector<int>> combinationSum2(vector<int>& candidates, int target) {
        sort(candidates.begin(),candidates.end());
        backtracking(candidates,0,target,0);
        return res;
    }
};

131.分割回文串

跟着视频过了一遍,大概是理解了。但是没有自己写出来。

class Solution {
private:
    vector<vector<string>> result;
    vector<string> path; // 放已经回文的子串
    void backtracking (const string& s, int startIndex) {
        // 如果起始位置已经大于s的大小,说明已经找到了一组分割方案了
        if (startIndex >= s.size()) {
            result.push_back(path);
            return;
        }
        for (int i = startIndex; i < s.size(); i++) {
            if (isPalindrome(s, startIndex, i)) {   // 是回文子串
                // 获取[startIndex,i]在s中的子串
                string str = s.substr(startIndex, i - startIndex + 1);
                path.push_back(str);
            } else {                                // 不是回文,跳过
                continue;
            }
            backtracking(s, i + 1); // 寻找i+1为起始位置的子串
            path.pop_back(); // 回溯过程,弹出本次已经填在的子串
        }
    }
    bool isPalindrome(const string& s, int start, int end) {
        for (int i = start, j = end; i < j; i++, j--) {
            if (s[i] != s[j]) {
                return false;
            }
        }
        return true;
    }
public:
    vector<vector<string>> partition(string s) {
        result.clear();
        path.clear();
        backtracking(s, 0);
        return result;
    }
};

自己只把backtracking那部分写了一遍,发现call backtracking的时候,又把i+1写成了startIndex+1。